Crystal structure of such ceramics or alloys have mirroring layers that keep repeating through material. For example following 3 HTSs all have repeating layers with mirroring order.
YBCO (yttrium barium copper oxide).
This ordering may be suitable to create regular flow of electrons. Table of electronegativity can hint from where to where they'll flow. Calcium and barium have the lowest electronegativity among the above ingredients so they are most likely to lose electrons which flow to atoms that attract electrons stronger. Strongest attractors in TBCCO seems to be TlO layers (also labelled as "charge reservoirs" in above image) and BiO in BSCCO. Tl, Bi and O are all strong attractors of electrons although ionized calcium may eventually pull these electrons back. These layers provide somewhat flat few atom thick layers that move electrons easily. As these layers are so close to each others they may increase chances that electrons are always moving between layers due to pull between O and Ca or Ba. Superconductors levitate in magnetic field because they create magnetic field that opposes outside magnetic field. Charged particles in magnetic fields are forced to move circularly around magnetic field lines and in turn they themselves create magnetic field that opposes the outside magnetic field that caused circular movements for electrons and other charged particles. Having many charge reservoir layers every few atoms means that every microscopic part of HTS could locally react to outside magnetic field lines.
perhaps a graphene nanotube surrounded by a pattern of p-neutral-n-neutral-p... semiconductors would cause a displacement of charge as electrons flow through the tube, causing superconducting conditions. I don't know much about superconductors.
ReplyDeleteI do believe some pattern of different elements could help with superconducting but hard to know beforehand. By the way graphene (flat) and carbon nanotubes (tube) are bit different although one can be used to create another one. Doping may work though. As i understand superconduction needs electron pairs called cooper pairs rotating around a circle with diameter of hundreds of nanometers. As they rotate on same plane then it's superconductive and in case they are rotating at 90 degree angle to each other then they are superinsulators (for months i've thought of writing about superinsulators next and it may be among next 10). Reason why superconductors need cooling is that heat disrupts these cooper pairs but i thought maybe they can exist in room temperature if some material had conductive metal rings with diameter of hundreds of nanometers and some doped additives to feed these rings with orderly electron flow and that may help with levitation common to superconductors. These rings may be from nanotubes and dopants could help out. One part of ring may release electron until another dopant captures it and many such dopant pairs could be around it (maybe that's what you described). Exact direction of electron flow may depend on which direction outside magnetic or electric fields push them. Then again if these metal or nanotube rings are in glass then glass is not conducting anyway so it doesn't help with conducting electricity.
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